It is up to you Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

It is up to you - Research Paper Example furnishes a reality sheet with the principle target of helping the instruction suppliers in the USA to better the measures of training for the foreigner understudies. He investigates all the current assets and laws that give the foreigner kids the privilege to instruction. Marta, as the majority of the previously mentioned creators, enrolls more factors that influence the adjustment and execution of the settler youngsters in school. This diary book is significant in including increasingly shrouded components of worker training. Parmon clarifies the debate that existed in the US on whether the worker ought to go to the schools or not. This book has circulated different assessments of the US residents of this issue. The discoveries of this book helps in determining how this contention has assumed a job in the migrant school participation and adjustments. Scott explains the major affecting components explicitly for the Asian American understudies when they are settling on the choice to join the schools abroad. The book is significant in distinguishing the principle drivers and deterrents of the migrant kids for joining the schools abroad. Here, Richards clearly investigates various difficulties that are looked by the guardians of the foreigner understudies. This book is significant in portraying how these family challenges influence the experience and exhibitions of the understudies in school. This book by Georges basically and methodicallly portrays and dissect all the encounters of the migrant understudies in the US and their exhibitions at their separate phases of training. The data in this book is essential in building up how encounters influence the exhibitions of the understudies. The task was started from the encounters got from the network administration. During the two-hour week by week instructional exercises at the Wang YMCA which is based at China town, I saw various worker kids attempting to adjust and act in the school. A portion of the understudies rushed to become familiar with the ideas in class while others were taking

Negotiation Strategy Analysis Essay Example for Free

Exchange Strategy Analysis Essay Exchanges are dealt with contrastingly by everybody. A few Negotiators are increasingly detached and others incredibly immediate. Some adoration the haggling procedure and start the offer very low or high to play the arranging game with their rival. Others simply like to have their best cards on the table with an accept the only choice available demeanor. Arbitrators ought to realize when and how to utilize diverse arranging styles. All things considered, dealings assume an enormous job in business today. Two primary arranging methodologies exist; non commitment and Active commitment. The two procedures will be talked about completely to help with recognizing how various systems might be utilized in business. â€Å"The California State University workforce has overwhelmingly endorsed another four-year work contract, finishing over two years of quarrelsome bartering with the administration† (Hoag C., 2012). The agreement didn't meet every one of that was sought after; notwithstanding, generally the sum taken from personnel was significantly reduced. Albeit, no salary increases will be conceded for a long time, at long last choosing an understanding appears to comfort the vast majority of the personnel. The agreement was endorsed by around 91% of individuals. Personnel perceives that open worker associations have it far most noticeably terrible and are thankful that they have figured out how to save quite a bit of what they have. Despite the fact that these arrangements began as long and argumentative dealing, at long last the procedure utilized moved to all the more a non-commitment technique. As the workforce understood the offer being given was obviously superior to most are offered inside their field they maintained a strategic distance from further dealings. They have been working without an agreement for the last 2 1/2 years, which assumes a job too on the shirking of further dealings. As indicated by (Lewicki, Barry, and Saunders, 2006), Alternatives can impact the utilization of this methodology in various manners. In the event that the mediators has a solid elective they will probably maintain a strategic distance from dealings because of the wastefulness of sitting around haggling with somebody when a more grounded elective is available. From another point of view, if the mediator has an absence of options or a more vulnerable elective they will probably maintain a strategic distance from debate with the goal that a goals can be reached rapidly. For this situation, the staff chose to evade further debate because of the more fragile other option. Seeing others surrendering significantly more and perceiving that the more extended the dealings last the more they will be working without an agreement affected their choice massively. Another bit of news that shows a substitute type of arranging procedure is the issue encompassing the FDA’s law concerning realistic pictures being put on cigarette packs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention appraises that 45 million grown-ups in the United States smoke cigarettes, which are the main source of preventable demise in the United States. Furthermore, the World Health Organization predicts smoking could murder 8,000,000 individuals every year by 2030 if governments don't accomplish more to help individuals quit (REUTERS, 2012). To help with fighting this expanding issue the FDA passed a law necessitating that all tobacco organizations place a realistic picture alongside their notice marks. The pictures go from ailing lungs to decaying teeth. Tobacco bunches requested this choice saying there is no proof that the realistic pictures will help with bringing the quantity of tobacco clients down. â€Å"In a 2-to-1 choice, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia said that the law, which is directed by the Food and Drug Administration, damaged corporate free discourse rights† ( REUTER, 2012). This decision was opposing to another case seen from the get-go in the year making it likely that the Supreme Court should settle on an official conclusion. For this situation, the arbitrators are utilizing a functioning commitment procedure. As opposed to complying with the law without question tobacco bunches are battling for their corporate rights. This case is a great case of distributive and rivalry bartering. The result will either be that the tobacco gatherings will lose and should submit to the law; or the FDA will win. In this circumstance one side will get all. The cases referenced vary the extent that the system utilized. For the University of California personnel, the style all the more precisely reflects integrative style of arranging. Each side is winning in some regard. They know about each other’s extreme objectives and can oblige one another. At long last, the workforce keep away from further contest which is predictable with a non-commitment technique. Then again, for the situation concerning the da and tobacco organization neither one of the parties needs to surrender to one another. The FDA is resolved to battle the issues coming about because of tobacco items; while the tobacco organizations are resolved to keep up their marks with no guarantees. Conditions encompassing each arrangement will figure out which technique is ideal to utilize. Be that as it may, to turn out to be completely capable in settling on the choice on which technique to utilize, one must see how every procedure applies in certifiable circumstances. The two cases referenced are fantastic showings on their utilization. References Hoag, C. (2012, September 5). Cal State staff affirm 4-year contract. The Times-Standard. Recovered from http://www.times-standard.com/localnews/ci_21470909/cal-state-workforce support 4-year-contract Lewicki, Barry, and Saunders, (2006). Arrangement fifth ed. Recovered from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList.aspx?assetMetaId=9ef17708-1ddf-4b07-b135-33c10b621f8eassetDataId=a78264a6-2449-41a9-9752-49dfe94ee641 REUTERS, (2012, August 24). Offers Court Blocks Graphic Warnings on Cigarettes. The New York Times. Recovered from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/business/tobacco-bunches win-administering on-realistic cigarette-warnings.html

The Army Tattoo Policy Whats Allowed and Whats Not

The Army Tattoo Policy Whats Allowed and Whats Not The Army Tattoo Policy has been reviewed and it’s now a bit more accommodating.Prior to now, the policy was so strict that people who were tattooed had great difficulty getting enlisted into the army.Highly skilled, trained and qualified recruits could not be enlisted into the army because of the tattoos they had on their body and most of the tattoos were contrary to the tattoo policy of the army.The newly revised tattoo policy is still a bit strict but when compared with the previous policy, it can be said to be liberal.The revision of the army’s tattoo policy, however, didnt just happen out of the blue.In recent times, body art such as tattoo and branding have gotten so popular that a huge percentage of the population now embrace it wholeheartedly and of course the army is part of a nations population.According to a survey carried out by Statista, 4/10 adults in the United States between the ages of 18 69, have tattoos and it gets more interesting, only 39% do not have tattoos with 19% of them considering having one. Thats fascinating and it shows the culture shift in the United States. Source: StatistaDespite obvious reluctance, this has caused the military to soften on its tattoo policies.With a huge percentage of the adult and youth getting tattooed on a daily basis it was becoming quite hard for the army to recruit the adequate number of soldiers they wanted to recruit, this is because many of them had tattoos that the policies didnt favor.Due to this, the volume of recruits who were fit for service and had to be rejected for having tattoos that werent permitted were quite much and if things were left to continue at that rate, it would be hard for the military to have new enlistment especially as tattooing is gaining popularity and spreading like a wildfire.The results of a survey carried out by Pew Research stated that 38% of young adults between the ages of 18 to 29 have tattoos.This is certainly what the military had to take into consideration regarding its new tattoo policy.The problem wasnt just with getting new recruits; soldiers already enlisted into the military were also developing an interest in the body art.In a question and answer section with soldiers, it was discovered that a huge percentage of the soldiers felt that the armys tattoo policy was too strict and needed to be more accommodating.Deliberations were done and the military agreed that it was time to soften the policies.Even though the policies of the military is not dictated by the soldiers, it’s only proper to listen to them and put their opinion into consideration especially in matters like this where it is a socially acceptable norm.The decision to soften the tattoo policies is also beneficial to the military, the soldiers and recruits.The military can now enlist more recruits, the chances of people getting recruited into the army are now higher than it was before and the serving soldiers can explore just a little bit more.The army does not limit the number or size of tattoos anymore, with the Air Force dropping its 25% rule which doesnt permit tattoos which cove r over a quarter of the visible parts of a soldiers body.In 2016, the Navy as well began to lift prohibitions against sailors having tattoos on their sleeves, neck, and ears.The current body art culture of the United States helped moved the military to take such steps and place a structure in place that was capable of helping it adjust to the trend.In a NavyTimes interview, Navy Master Petty Officer Mike Stevens stated: We have to ensure that we dont miss opportunities to retain and recruit the best and smartest men because of policies that dont reflect the realities of our Nation.Despite the fact that the Armys Tattoo Policy has been reviewed, it is still quite strict and there are still certain regulations concerning tattoos. For example:The Marines do not allow quarter-sleeve or half-sleeve tattoos that are visible, even when they can only be seen in training clothes like shorts or T-shirts.Additionally, body art on the neck, hand, wrists, and neck are prohibited.However, the new policies allow Marines with non-compliant tattoos to get a prior service waiver at Marine recruiting stations, instead of the previous way to getting one in complex application processes.Now lets take a broader look at what the armys tattoo policy entails what is permitted and what is not permitted by the policy.WHAT IS NOT ALLOWED?Despite the fact that the armys tattoo policy has been slightly relaxed in order to provide room for new recruits, there are still certain rules guiding soldiers in getting a tattoo.Although soldiers are permitted to have tattoos, below are some things that are not allowed by the army as far as getting tattoos is concerned.It is important to note that the prohibition of certain types of tattoo is not without cause.The army is an organization and it is important for the unity of the Force to be reflected in the appearance of the soldiers.Even though the unique personality of each Soldier is respected, drawing unnecessary attention to oneself in the army i s not tolerated.This is because the soldiers despite being individuals are considered to be a part of something bigger and the interest of the army must be put ahead of personal preferences.It’s on this basis that the army has a policy guiding getting tattooed while in active service.Certain types of tattoo are not allowed in the army. Below is a list of the types of tattoos that are not allowed.1. Indecent TattoosThe army does not allow tattoos that are morally indecent.A soldier is the peoples hero and shouldnt have any tattoo that is disgusting, vulgar or repulsive to the moral sense of the society and corrupts the mind of people.Although the armys definition of what is considered to be an indecent tattoo is vague, it is safe to say that tattoos that are trigger lust, incite negative thoughts and contrary to the morals of the society can be considered indecent.2. Racist TattoosTattoos with racist undertones are not allowed in the army.This included tattoos that revolve around p hilosophies that attempt to demean or encourage hatred and violence to a particular group of people based on race, national origin and ethnicity.Racism is not tolerated in the international scene and it is totally out of place for a soldier who should enforce and maintain peace to be affiliated with anything that promotes violence against a particular group of people.3. Extremist TattoosAny tattoo that symbolizes, promotes and depicts a philosophy or supports an organization (such as extreme religious organizations or terrorist organizations) is considered to be an extremist by the army.Extremist tattoos include tattoos that promote intolerance or violence towards a particular group of people, a tattoo that encourages segregation, discrimination and possible violence based on the gender, race, religion, and origin of a person.Such tattoos may be designed as logos, symbols or quotes of the extreme group or organization.Many extremist organizations are responsible for terrorist activi ties in the world. A report showed that 328 extremist groups or organizations were responsible for terrorist attacks in 2016.And responsibility for 37% of the terrorist attacks in 2017 was claimed by extremist terrorist organizations.Below is the graph showing the death rate caused by extremist terrorist activities. Source: State.govThis is why the army frowns at any tattoo that promotes the beliefs of extremist organizations.These organizations are giving the military a tough time globally.It’s inappropriate for an insider in the army to be affiliated or have anything that may link them or show their affinity to these extremist organizations.4. Sexist TattoosThe army does not allow tattoos that in any way demean or degrades a person or group of persons based on their gender.The army exists to serve everyone, the gender notwithstanding.It doesnt favor one gender over the other, therefore, doesnt tolerate any tattoo that demeans or degrades a particular gender.Asides the above types of tattoo explained, the army also frowns at certain practices and location of the tattoo on the body of the soldiers.Below are some of the places that shouldnt be tattooed on the body of the soldier.Tattoos are not allowed on the sleeves, the legs and arms of the soldiers. The tattoo must not be visible on any part of the body of the soldier that is exposed while wearing any of the military uniforms.The army bans having a tattoo on the head, neck, and face. Tattoos above the shirt collar (class A) are not allowed. Tattoos below the wrist bone are allowed.Tattoos that hamper the professional appearance of the military are not allowed. A soldier is not expected to draw unnecessary attention to him based on his appearance; he is supposed to fit in with the others without looking odd.Any tattoo that is visible around the hand should not be wider than two inches and only one visible tattoo is allowed on the hand.Visible tattoos that are below the knee and elbow should not be bigger than the size of the extended hand of the wearer.Tattoos below the knees and elbow should not exceed a total number of four.Covering up of inappropriate tattoos with makeup and bandage is highly prohibited.The violation of any of these policies attracts a penalty. It is not only when being recruited into the army that t he tattoo policy applies it is still important for soldiers in active service.On a yearly basis, each soldier is checked by the commanders to see if they have acquired new tattoos which contradict the policy.Tattoos concealed by the physical fitness uniform of the soldiers wont be checked because the check will be done while the soldiers are in their physical fitness uniform.If any soldier is found with an inappropriate tattoo, there is a punishment prescribed by the Uniform Code of Military Justice.The soldier may be asked to remove the tattoo in order to remain in active service.WHAT IS ALLOWED?You may be wondering if all the above are prohibited by the army, what else is left to be allowed in the tattoo policy. Well, the following is allowed under the armys tattoo policy.As stated earlier the army tattoo policies used to be a lot stricter until recently when they were relaxed because of the discontent of soldiers with the policy and the fact that tattoo is now more socially accep table than they were in time past.A recent study shows that in America there are 21,000 tattoo parlors and 42% of the adult populations have one or more tattoos on their body. In fact, the United States has the third largest tattooed populace. Take a look at the chart below. Source: StatistaBelow is another chart showing the results of an opinion poll about tattoo carried out in the United States. Source: Tattoo ConnectionThis increased interest in tattoo has also spread into the army and that is why the army tattoo policy was revised.Currently, the following is permissible under the army tattoo policy.1. The army allows soldiers to have a ring tattoo on each hand. The tattoo must however not exceeds the lowest knuckle area which is where the ring naturally rests.2. Permanent makeup tattoo such as tattooed eyeliner and eyebrows are allowed provided it does not go against the armys makeup rules.This, however, applies to only women because the rule says that only women are allowed to use makeup which must be modest.3. A tattoo is allowed on parts of the body that is covered by briefs. For men, the groin region can be tattooed while for the women the breast and the pelvic region that is concealed by underwear can be tattooed.Generally, tattoos that are not visible when the army uniform is worn are not prohibited.Much attention is paid to the areas that are exposed while wearing t he uniforms because the tattoos can affect the decent professional appearance of the soldier.TATTOO VALIDATIONAlthough the army permits certain kinds of tattoo and on certain parts of the body, there is still a need for the commander to validate the tattoo and submit an official file concerning the tattoo to the military.Commanders are mandated and expected to validate the current tattoos of soldiers that are below the knee and the elbow.Pictures of the tattoo as well as the description of the shape, color, and size of the tattoo must be included in an official memorandum.While taking the picture of the tattoo, it must be taken with a good camera so that the picture quality is clear.A nylon black and white ruler is what must be used to measure the size of the tattoo.This is the measurement technique provided by the military and any other measurement that doesnt tally with the result of the ruler provided by the military will be disregarded.While taking a picture of the tattoo, the e ntire region where the tattoo is located must be photographed to facilitate easy identification of the part of the body that the tattoo is located in.Tattoo of soldiers that are not above the neckline of the T-shirt, or on the arm and leg should not be included in the memo. Only the tattoos on areas of interest are documented.After this is done, it must be submitted into the Armys Military Human Resource record of the soldier with the tattoo. After the submission, the soldier with the tattoo will be given a copy of the record for him to keep.The commanders are expected to do this check on an annual basis to ensure that no soldier gets a new and inappropriate tattoo without the knowledge of the army.WHAT HAPPENS IF A SOLDIER DISOBEYS THE ARMY TATTOO POLICY?As stated earlier in the article, any member of the army that defies the Army Tattoo Policy will be punished according to the law of the Army.Here’s a bit of what the disciplinary procedure entails for any soldier that defaults:F irst, it’s important to note that soldiers are advised to talk with the head of their units before getting a new tattoo, this is to ensure that they don’t get any tattoo that contradicts the tattoo policy of the army.Secondly, soldiers who had a tattoo before being enlisted into the army will not be punished because chances are that the existing tattoos dont defy the armys policy in any way.If however the soldier adds or edits the tattoo and changes it to anything that violates the policy, then he will be punished. Depending on the gravity of the offense, the punishment may just be a reprimand or a query.But if the tattoo out rightly violates the army tattoo policy, the commander will first counsel the defaulting soldier of the existing tattoo rule.If the military has zero tolerance for the tattoo that the soldier has, he will be ordered to have it removed.The cost of removing or erasing the tattoo wont be paid by the military unlike other health bills, it will be paid for by th e soldier from his pocket, and this on its own is a disciplinary action.If however, the soldier refuses to get rid of the tattoo, whatever may be the reason for the refusal, the commander will initiate an administrative separation proceeding for the defaulting soldier.Most often, removal of the tattoo is mandatory if the tattoo is contrary to the army tattoo policy and if the soldier wishes to remain in active service in the army.No matter how harsh this punishment may appear, it is in favor of the army. Having a soldier representing what is contrary to the beliefs of the army is not in the best interest of the military.It is in the best interest of the military for such disobedience to be nipped in the bud before it spreads like a wildfire to the other soldiers.Not punishing disobedience could be interpreted by the others as a sign that selective obedience is permissible.CONCLUSIONIn 2009 the army carried out a survey that showed 90% of combat soldiers, have a minimum of one tattoo , a greater average than that of the general population of 4/10.This isnt a surprise though, as servicemen for years have always had some sort of body art majorly to commemorate a fallen colleague, or as a show of honor to a unit.Various forms of tattoos have been used by military men and women, most of which include patriotic symbols like an Eagle, the American flag or tattered flags, which usually represent a fallen warrior.These things have made body art a major part of the army, and asides from the current trend, soldiers see it as a way to express certain emotions with regards to their unit in the army or in honor of a fellow soldier.However, the military has always had strict rules regarding body art, and in order to stay afloat with current trends, revisions were made on previous prohibitions of certain types and locations of tattoos.This does not mean that the United States army accepts every kind of body art or mutilation as weve already seen above.But these revisions were majorly in order not to miss out on efficient recruits who already have some sort of body art.For persons planning to be a part of the American army, these policies and revisions are very vital to consider as there are heavy penalties for ignoring these rules.But for soldiers who are already a part of the military the rules concerning tattoos are already set in stone and must be adhered too.

Essay on honesty and integrity within a - 1404 Words

Honesty and Integrity and How it Affects Unit Cohesion Honesty, Integrity, and Trust are all key factors in the cohesion of a unit. Knowing you can trust the other preforming members in your respective unit, builds a good team building environment that leads to the highest quality of success and increase of morale within the unit. Honesty above all is not only expected, but is a standard within the 75th Ranger Regiment, It builds character within an individual soldier, creates and maintains teamwork within the inner workings of the unit, and also improves self discipline. Integrity is also another standard that is held highly within the 75th Ranger Regiment. Integrity shows a soldiers level of maturity, self discipline, and leadership†¦show more content†¦This not only shows your lack of character as a soldier but also as a liability. Due to your inability to tell the truth, you are more of a problem and restraining your fellow comrades from completing whatever task or mission is at hand. This will not be authorized in any way shape or from within the 75th ranger regiment. It is stated in the 4th standing order within â€Å"Rogers Rangers 19 standing orders† that honesty is vital. â€Å"4. Tell the truth about what you see and do. There is an army depending on us for correct information. You can lie all you please when you tell other folks about the Rangers, but dont never lie to a Ranger or officer.† This shows all shows that you must have the integrity to be honest and become a trustworthy soldier among your ranks in any unit. Your prime responsibility as a soldier is to finish the task efficiently and as a Ranger it is to complete that task better than anyone else. Honesty is where it starts and your ability to follow up on that will improve the moral and cohesion within your respective unit. Be sure to have the integrity to do so, it is just as important to the improvement of you unit. Doing the right thing when no one is looking, being honest, and taking responsibility for your actions are all parts of integrity. It takes maturity to do the right thing, that maturity shows that you are more than capable as a soldier to complete any sort of task that isShow MoreRelatedEnron Case : The Smartest Guys Of The Room1149 Words   |  5 Pagesgradually mishandled information, privileges, inconsistency, power, and destroyed the loyalty within the company. Therefore each individual within the company could have benefited from having a personal ethical code of their own to follow so they could have avoided the influence of corruption. In view creating a personal code of ethics one must consider the aspect of relationship, honesty and integrity, work ethic, transparency and disclosure of information, and fairness. 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Advancements in Womens Rights Over the Past 100 Years Essay

Most cultures and societies through both history, and today have viewed women as the weaker sex†. Often they labeled unfit to perform many jobs outside of child bearing and domestic chores, even considered less intelligent than men are. In the past, this attitude translated into fewer jobs for women, below average pay, and poor working conditions. This continues today, despite the many great advances women have made in the past 100 years. This is evident in the Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) fields, where a man is far more likely to get the position than a woman is. The rate of males EMTs compared to female EMTs was a ration of 8-1 in 2010. During my research, I came across a website which states, Female Medics are Deadly!†¦show more content†¦Another reason for job inequality could be the misconception that women are unable to make rational decisions, because they are emotionally driven. Women are emotional creatures, but their emotions do not override common sense. Typically, women have to study more, and work harder than a man to achieve their position of power. According to the Harvard Business Review Women, still face tougher odds not only getting into, but also staying in the C-suite. (CEO). They conducted a study in which they studied the leadership of the worlds top 2000 companies; they found that 29 (1.5%) of those CEOs were women. The Harvard Business Review also notes the difference between men and women CEOs and suggests that women still arent treated as equals to men when it comes to high-stakes positions. Another study by Darden Professor Erica James reported that stock in a company drops after the announcement of a female CEO, but not after that of a male CEO. As time went on women continued their struggle to earn their right even today. In some areas around the world, women are still expected to be those perfect 50’s housewives where they cook, clean, make, and raise the children. 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The Biography of Clarence Thomas Free Essays

Clarence Thomas is a Supreme Court Justice, who has been under criticism since the day that he was appointed. Thomas has been chastised for his views on Affirmative Action and his views on African-American†s evolution into the mainstream of our society. Chief Justice Thomas, since his appointment has been marked as a far right conservative. We will write a custom essay sample on The Biography of Clarence Thomas or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning of his tenure he was labeled as Chief Justice Scalia†s, â€Å"second vote. † Since then Thomas has removed himself from this shadow to show insight on his own conservative ideas. Clarence Thomas was born on June 23, 1948 in Pin Point, Georgia. Thomas is a child of Mr. M. C. Thomas and Leola Anderson. He grew up in a single-mother household. Thomas†s father abandoned him and his mother, Leola, when he was two. Times were hard for his family, and his mother later sent him and his brother to live with his grandfather, Myers Anderson in Savannah, Georgia. His grandfather instilled in Clarence that education would be his key to unlocking the door to a successful life. He wanted him to overcome the color boundaries that were present during this time in America†s history. Clarence Thomas has an extensive educational background. Thomas attended an all black high school in Savannah before dropping out and enrolling at St. John Vianney Minor Seminary. Thomas withdrew at his grandfathers urging to become a minister. After his graduation form St. John Vianney Minor Seminary he was accepted to Immaculate Conception Seminary. However, he once again withdrew, this time because of the racial events that had occurred while attending. At this time Holy Cross University began recruiting black students and he was accepted. Thomas worked hard to not only succeed and graduate, but to excel in his classes. He graduated ninth in his class at Holy Cross, in 1971. While at Holy Cross, Thomas met Ms. Kate Ambush and they later married. Thomas† only child (Jamal) was as a result of this marriage (Clarence and Kate later divorced in 1984. He has since married to Virgina Lamp, in 1987). Clarence Thomas decided that he wanted to advance his education and applied to Yale Law School. Again, Thomas applied to a university were a minority program was implemented just a few years earlier, and he was accepted. After graduating from Yale Law School Thomas†s future looked bright. While at Yale his emphasis dealt with tax and anti-trust law. Upon Thomas† graduation from Yale he went to work for John Danforth, the attorney general of Missouri. While working for the attorney general Thomas worked in the tax division. In 1977, Danforth was elected to the Senate and Thomas went to work for Monsanto Company as a corporate lawyer in the pesticide and agriculture division. After a couple of years of work for Monsanto, Thomas became a legislative assistant on energy and environmental projects for Senator Danforth. During this time Thomas attracted much attention from the Reagan administration, which landed him a job as assistant secretary for civil rights in the Education Department. President Reagan then promoted Thomas to head of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. While at the EEOC, Thomas put the agency in position to enforce law. He also changed administration, policies, and implemented new procedures to improve the agency. Thomas† success as head of the EEOC led to a President Bush appointment to the U. S. Court of Appeals in Washington D. C. as a Judge in 1990. He only served 17 months before being nominated to the Supreme Court by President Bush after the retirement of Thurgood Marshall. An appointment to the United States Supreme Court is for a life term. Therefore, it makes since that the process used to appoint the justices is complete and thorough. The appointment of a Supreme Court justice is made by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. There can be many reasons why a person is to be chosen as a justice to the highest court in the land. Presidents have appointed certain people because of their political ideologies, judicial philosophies, gender, religion, or race. The latter reason played a big role in the appointment of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall, appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as the first black-American to serve on the court, retired in 1991. (Infoplease. com encyclopedia) Then President George Bush, felt pressure to replace this well known minority figure with another African-American. Marshall had served the court from 1967 to 1991, and many minority and political groups, including the NAACP and the Congressional Black Caucus felt that another minority should take his place. Clarence Thomas was the obvious choice for President Bush, but the NAACP and the Congressional Black Caucus, who tend to be more liberal, did not necessarily want Thomas to be nominated because of his conservative views. President Bush nominated Thomas for his legal qualifications, and backed his campaign on promising to only appoint individuals who will interpret the law, rather than create it. After the President made this decision, all that was needed was the Senate approval. However, it was not that easy. Perhaps no other recent appointment to the Supreme Court was more controversial than that of Clarence Thomas. The Senate was ready to confirm Thomas† appointment when the Senate Judiciary Committee reopened the hearings to investigate charges of sexual harassment blamed on Thomas. A co-worker named Anita Hill accused Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment while they worked in two different federal agencies, the Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). MSN Encarta. com encyclopedia) Suddenly, many problems surrounded Thomas† bid for the Supreme Court. The timing of the accusations could not have been worse. Although the timing cast a question upon Anita Hill herself. If the supposed harassment took place in the 80’s, why was she just now coming forward? Ms. Hill†s answer was that she could not get herself to talk about the topic until she felt obligated to do so. In the Senate hearings Ms. Hill, a law professor, had this to say: I thought that by saying â€Å"no† and explaining my easons, my employer would abandon his social suggestions. However, to my regret, in the following few weeks he continued to ask me out on several occasions. He pressed me to justify my reasons for saying â€Å"no† to him. These incidents took place in his office or mine. They were in the form of private conversations which would not have been overheard by anyone else. (Hill Testimony Transcripts) This statement makes the accusations his word versus hers. Thomas denied any wrong doing and called the televising of the Senate hearings a † ‘high-tech lynching. â€Å"†(MSN Encarta. om Encyclopedia) Finally, the debates ended and Thomas† nomination was confirmed on October 15,1991. Thomas would win because the Senate did verify his appointment to the United States Supreme Court by the â€Å"narrowest affirmation vote for a Supreme Court Justice in this Century. â€Å"(O†Connor Sabato, 238) The vote was fifty-two in favor and forty-eight against. The Thomas-Hill scandal immediately made Thomas a well known and a closely watched justice. At first, people and the press watched his actions for other reasons than his race or judicial philosophy. More recently, however, people have come to notice his judicial decisions and philosophy more than his actions. Although Thomas† appointment was amidst controversy, he is now stepping out on his own on his ideas. Thomas† has come a long way from his childhood that started in Pin Point and Savannah, Georgia. He is now a Justice on the highest court in the United States. Thomas† term has been brief compared to the tenure of his collogues, but in his mind he has unlocked the door to success, and is walking through it. How to cite The Biography of Clarence Thomas, Papers

Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Example Essay Example

Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Example Paper Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Introduction In the world of Espionage, how do these texts demonstrate the role of context and the individual in shaping values? In the nightmarish and brutal spy world it is often necessary to carry out certain actions to achieve a collective goal. In John Le Carre’s novel ‘Smiley’s People’ and Tony Scott’s film ‘Spy Game’ there is collectivised action to fight against the opposition, possibly losing what they stand for and in doing so jeopardising the security of their countries by embodying this double standard in their Intelligence Services. As John Le Carre said â€Å"the things we must do to protect our country are making our country not worth protecting†. It is with these tense and brutal circumstances were the true colours of countries and people transpire, were the values that individuals hold dear are tested and the underlying themes of espionage are shown. Most noticeably the themes of moral relativism and the conflict between the p ersonal and the professional stand out as lives are seen as the expected cost in the fight for the ‘greater good’. The fight for the ‘greater good’ is an integral part in espionage, both in real life experiences and in texts. In the two texts there is a belief that all is done for this greater good. Where the lies, deception and casualties are justified as a means to the greater end. This view underlines the theme of Moral Relativism and its value of the regard to human life. In Spy Game the brutality in espionage is highlighted as countries and men would sacrifice each other for the ‘greater good’. Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Body Paragraphs In the film we see these recurring characteristics in Bishop being tortured, Hadley being abducted and suicide bombers attempting to kill a single terrorist. In particular during a meeting between Bishop and Muir, a heated argument occurs between them where Bishop tells Muir, â€Å" . we used him and we killed him . Nathan, what are we doing here? And don’t give me some bullshit about the greater good†. In which Muir blatantly replies, as if though their is no emotion in sacrificing a life, â€Å"That’s exactly what it’s about. Because what we do is unfortunately, very necessary. And if you’re not willing to sacrifice scum like Schmidt. †. This example shows that all is done for the greater good – in this case to reveal the identity of the mole. In particular this scene uses fast-paced panning combined with zooming out on the subject Bishop to highlight his insignificance. This cinematic technique shows the confusion in Bishop’s mind as his own personal value of sanctity of life is being undermined. This is coupled with the use of a close up shot to scrutinise the face of Bishop to show his deep-seated strain. This allows the responder to see Bishop’s personal views on this theme etched on his face, his disgust and pain on what Muir has told him. It is not that Muir is entirely void of values rather Tony Scott allows the responder to grasp that the context of espionage overshadows Muir’s own values. Muir’s views his actions as being â€Å"unfortunately, very necessary†. It is through this where Muir is subjected to his own self-afflicted personal suffering at the expense for bringing about the greater good. This is expressed in him saying to Bishop â€Å"Seventy-five casualties. one dead terrorist? Yeah, happy. † The use of sarcasm shows his own discontent at his actions as he himself must face his own kind of suffering. Even though he despises that he brought about the d eaths to achieve his goal, this is what he sees is required of him. Moral Relativism and its values are also expressed in Smiley’s People whereby Karla is the ultimate moral relativist. His actions are justified by him to achieve his own personal end – to protect the identity of his daughter Tatiana. The conflict of views between Muir and Bishop highly relates to Smiley’s People as shown between Smiley and Karla. Yet it is with a sense that Karla and Smiley share something common although with different views on values. Karla is described as â€Å"a man to whom the killing came first, questioning later† where Smiley is not simply doing the job of eliminating foreign spies rather his job encompasses dreams and personality. Le Carre uses juxtaposition of Karla against Smiley as they can both be seen as similar entities. When faced against each other they both saw something hence â€Å"perhaps each for that second did see in the other something of himselfâ € . Yet, it is the absence of moral values from Karla as to where he and Smiley separate. Smiley showed regard for human life and the need that his actions should not bring devastation to the innocent. Yet Karla’s values are ultimately shaped by his individual situation concerning Tatiana and his position within the world of espionage. Karla’s disregard to human life is revealed through the killing of Kirov, Vladimir, Leipzig and the attempted murder of Ostrakova – all for the sake of Tatiana. Smiley is also faced with personal demons but through his experiences with Karla he is able to defeat them. The quote â€Å"an unholy vertigo seized him as the very evil he had fought against seemed to reach out and possess him and claim him despite his striving† which uses hyperbole to represent his immense struggle and where Karla succumbs to this evil, Smiley powers through it. In the end the fight to defeat him has not left him scarred in the likeness of Karl a, rather it has left him with a sense of control. This view is similar to Spy Game whereby Bishop says to Muir â€Å"I’m done with the reasons, Nathan. I’m not ending up like you. Both Smiley and Bishop require there values to be shaped by what they believe in, not to be shaped for them by the people and situations around them. Another common theme to espionage is the conflict between the personal and the professional. It is seen that a balance between the personal and the professional can not occur as the context of espionage requires the individual’s complete and undivided attention. In Spy Game Bishop’s experiences with Schmidt makes things personal, as he calls out to him â€Å"my wife, my children! †. The use of the black and white editing technique in this scene indicates that the situation has shifted from the perceived reality. That is, the view of values has changed from the coloured and clear world of Muir where everything is done for t he greater good, to this black and white world were things are not as clear to perceived and are beyond control. In particular Tony Scott employs the full array of modern camera techniques such as fast motion, reverse zooms and lenses to create the most realistic approach to this scene, to indicate the frustration and confusion of Bishop as to what has just been done. It shows that Bishop has finally become subjective and emotive rather than being objective and detached from other individuals around him. This camera movement is similar in scenes involving Hadley to show that Muir has underestimated Bishop’s feelings. Muir shows by rescuing Bishop that he is not entirely void of emotion or considerably â€Å"playing by the rules of the game† rather his own personal values have been shaped by his individual experiences; that of his times with Bishop. The conflict between the personal and the professional is also found in Smiley’s People. The inclusion of emotion i n their profession is destructive, as there needs to be rational decisions made rather than those that are personal and emotive. In particular the use of jargon in their profession is necessary to prevent emotional connection. Such words as â€Å"honey traps, no doubles† adds a simplistic and disconnected feel to otherwise horrific situations. This disconnection leads to some division whereby Smiley sees his professional life completely governing his personal. As we know â€Å"Smiley would have promised Karla immunity from prosecution for complicity in the murder of Vladimir† to bring about his defection. Even though Vladimir was a friend, Smiley’s need to defeat Karla overshadowed justice in convicting Vladimir’s killers. The values presented with this theme are those that are most objectified in espionage. The values that love and honesty lie above professional conduct and personal feeling is more important than the requirement of the job are explored b y both composers. In both texts there are conflicting views, presented through Smiley and Bishop. Where Bishop is still young he sees these values as being important compared to Smiley who’s life has passed by with disappointment. Smiley was told by Ann â€Å"how can you love the living if you do not even mourn for the dead†, his many losses throughout his life both in war and personally; the infidelities of Ann and loss of Vladimir have caused his values to suffer. In the end Bishop honestly confesses his true nature telling Hadley â€Å"my name’s Tom†. This leads him to object against Muir who believes that when the professional and the personal interact problems occur. These ‘problems’ are similar to Karla attempting to carry out his profession while also trying to protect his daughter, which leads to his downfall. Nevertheless, Smiley’s People and Spy Game both indicate that the world of espionage is one steeped with its themes and values. The context of espionage and the individual take the role of shaping values. Yet it is not only the individuals decision as to how their values shape rather the profession takes its own charge against individuals, either positively shaping values the individuals stand for or fuelling the negativity in the values the individuals believed they were there to prevent. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Context in Espionage and Shaping Values Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

What is hypnosis Essay Example

What is hypnosis Essay Example What is hypnosis Essay What is hypnosis Essay It is actually a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. Many people have questions such as: â€Å"Who can experience hypnosis? † â€Å"Can it enhance recall of forgotten events? † â€Å"Can it force people to act against their will? † â€Å"Can it help people heal or receive their pain? † Is it harmful or helpful, and etc. What do you think? Who can experience hypnosis? To an extent we are all open to suggestion.If one was standing upright, with eyes closed, and is told that they are shaking your right hand, most will start to shake your right hand. People who respond to suggestions without hypnosis are the same people who respond with hypnosis. Hypnotic ability is the ability to focus attention totally on a task, to become imaginatively absorbed in it, to entertain fanciful possibilities. Can it enhance recall of forgotten events? Most people believe t hat our experiences are in our brain and we can recall them by breaking through defenses.Sixty years of research proves that this theory is wrong. We do not â€Å"soak in† everything around us. We permanently store only some of our experiences. â€Å"Hypnotically refreshed† memories combine fact with fiction. Since 1980, UFO abductions have been reported by thousands of people who are predisposed to believe in aliens, are highly hypnotizable, and have undergone hypnosis. Can hypnosis force people to act against their will? Researchers have enticed hypnotized people to perform dangerous acts such as; putting ones hand into acid, then throwing the acid in a researchers face.The hypnotized being later denied their actions, and stated that they would never follow such orders. Martin Orne and Frederich Evans Hypnosis unleashed that they used a control group. Orne asked individuals to pretend they were hypnotized. The laboratory assistants were unaware, so they treated both groups the same. The result of the experiment was that all the unhypnotized participants performed the same acts as those who were hypnotized. Can hypnosis help people heal or relieve their pain? Hypnotherapists try to help patients connect their own healing powers.Posthypnotic suggestions have helped alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress-related skin disorders. In one statistical digest of 18 studies, the average client whose therapy was supplemented with hypnosis showed greater improvement the 70 percent of other therapy patients. Hypnosis seemed especially helpful for the treatment of obesity. However, drug, alcohol, and smoking addictions have not responded well to hypnosis. In controlled studies, hypnosis did speed the disappearance of warts, but so did the same positive suggestions given without hypnosis.Hypnosis can relieve pain. When unhypnotized people put their arm in an ice bath, they felt intense pain within 25 seconds. When hypnotized people did the same after being g iven suggestions to feel no pain, they indeed reported feeling little pain. As some dentists know, light hypnosis can reduce fear, thus reducing hypersensitivity to pain. Hypnosis inhibits pain-related brain activity. In surgical experiences, hypnotized patients have required less medication, recovered sooner, and left the hospital earlier than unhypnotized control patients.Nearly 10 percent of us can become so deeply hypnotized that even major surgery can become so deeply hypnotized that even major surgery can be performed without anesthesia. Half of us can gain at least some pain relief from hypnosis. The surgical use of hypnosis has flourished in Europe, where one Belgian medical team has performed more than 5000 surgeries with a combination of hypnosis, local anesthesia, and a mild sedative. Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon Our attentional spotlight and interpretations powerfully influence our our ordinary perceptions.Might hypnotic phenomena reflect such workings of normal consc iousness, as well as the power of social influence? Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis believe they do. Does this mean that subjects consciously fake hypnosis? No, like actors caught up in their roles, they begin to feel and behave in ways appropriate for â€Å"good hypnotic subjects. † The more they like and trust the hypnotist, the more they allow the person to direct their attention and fantasies. †

Why a Coffee Power Nap Works

Why a Coffee Power Nap Works Youre tired, but you dont have time to really sleep. Rather than taking a power nap or grabbing a cup of coffee, try taking a coffee power nap. Heres what a coffee power nap is and why it actually leaves you feeling more refreshed and awake than either a power nap or a cup of coffee or even a nap followed by coffee. What Is a Coffee Power Nap? You know what coffee is, but it might be helpful to review the power nap concept. A power nap is a short nap (15-20 minutes) that takes you into stage 2 sleep. Its just long enough to stave off some of the worst effects of sleep deprivation or exhaustion, but not so long that it drags you into slow wave sleep (SLS) or deep sleep, which would leave you feeling groggy if you ended it too soon (sleep inertia). Research has shown that even a 6-10 minute nap helps improve concentration, alertness, motor performance, and learning, while a 30 minute nap confers the benefits of a full sleep cycle, markedly reducing fatigue and reversing much of the physiological damage of sleep deprivation. A coffee power nap or caffeine power nap is when you drink coffee or a caffeinated beverage right before settling down for your nap. How a Coffee Power Nap Works The short explanation is that it takes about 20 minutes for caffeine to jolt your system and 45 minutes before it reaches maximum effect. So, the caffeine doesnt keep you from falling asleep, but its there to boost your performance the minute you wake up. Heres the longer explanation: When you drink coffee or tea or your favorite energy drink, the caffeine is absorbed into your blood stream through the walls of the small intestine. From there, the molecule travels to your brain, binding to the receptors that would accept adenosine, a molecule that accumulates when you are tired and causes you to feel sleepy. So, about 20 minutes after taking it, caffeine helps you feel more awake because additional adensoine cant find a binding location. When you sleep, even if its just a quick nap, your body naturally clears the adenosine from the neural receptors. This is why you feel more awake after a nap. When you drink coffee and take a nap, the sleep clears the adenosine so you wake up feeling refreshed, and then the caffeine kicks in and blocks the receptors so you wont get tired again as quickly. Plus, caffeine boosts your metabolism and gives you all those other great stimulant side effects. Its a win-win situation. How Do We Know It Works? Scientists cant get into your brain to see the neural receptors and measure binding rates, but the effects of the coffee power naps have been observed. One study conducted by scientists  at Loughborough University in the UK found that tired study participants made fewer mistakes in a driving simulator following a 15-minute coffee power nap. They got the benefits of the nap even if they reported having trouble falling asleep. Japanese researchers found test subjects performed better on memory tests and felt more rested following caffeine naps. The Japanese study also indicated exposure to bright light following a nap or washing your face could help wake you up.Of course, I advise you to conduct your own experiment to test out the coffee nap for yourself! How To Take a Coffee Nap Drink coffee or tea containing 100-200 mg of caffeine. Dont add sugar or milk. If you choose an energy drink, go sugar-free or else the surge in blood glucose levels may keep you from falling asleep. Alternatively, you could take a caffeine pill.Set your alarm for 20 minutes. Dont go past 30 minutes because the coffee nap works best if youre awake when the caffeine hits your system.Relax. Sleep. Enjoy. It helps to wear an eye mask or turn out the lights. Its okay if you cant fall all the way asleep. Research indicates even deep relaxation, such as meditation, makes a big difference.Wake up feeling refreshed! References Anahad OConnor, October 31, 2011, The New York Times, Really? The Claim: For a More Restful Nap, Avoid Caffeine, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Rose Eveleth, Smithsonian magazine, October 24, 2013, What Is the Exactly Perfect Time to Drink Your Coffee?, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Corrie Pikul, September 27, 2012, Oprah magazine, 6 More Health Myths- Busted!, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Like this? You may also be interested in whether coffee can really sober up a drunk.

Based on the issue of ways in which the internet has changed political Essay

Based on the issue of ways in which the internet has changed political interactions globally - Essay Example Therefore, internet has offered many services like ease of communication, information flow, entertainment and advent of e-commerce. The foremost and main services provided by internet are the ease of communication in every walk of life. It is one of the few endowments of scientific knowledge that have helped ameliorate the global political interactions. The political sphere of interaction has changed immensely worldwide through internet. The term ‘democracy’ has taken a more direct and greater meaning now. Countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Egypt and Libya are the clear examples of prevailing political instability and the warfare, which more or less has been worsened by the inappropriate and over use of internet; and has affected the political position of these countries globally. Today, nothing is hidden; a single weird movement in a country is spread throughout the world like a wildfire. Perhaps, internet has more often than not steered the country into a more depressing abyss. The countries have never faced such an adverse condition in past, though there were countries who had political instability, faced battles and even wars; but what was different? The difference this time has been internet. Where media is somewhat controlled and is censored by the government depending on scenarios, internet has been flooded with blatant proofs. Furthermore, any sort of news spreads like a wild fire because of the extensive social networking mediums such as facebook, twitter etc. Media in general, cannot talk much about the inside news because of the fact that such news is censored. However, internet –specifically YouTube and face book, have been filled with the proof of terrorism, extremists, unethical conducts of our leaders, which otherwise in media have been either deleted or censored. This has overall led to a change in general awareness of people who were aloof to such acts. Now there is active resistance to its activities and has led to much more

Entrepenurship-6.What factors affect the development and Essay

Entrepenurship-6.What factors affect the development and implementation of effective strategies in small businesses(SME) - Essay Example The survival of SMEs within the modern market is a challenging task: the increase of competition globally has led SMEs to change their strategies in order to meet the demands of the market. Despite the fact that SMEs operate locally (i.e. only within a specific country, with exception in case of online activity) they should continuously review their strategic choices in order to ensure the effectiveness of their plans in terms of the market’s demands and the customer preferences. Current paper refers to the factors that can affect the development and the implementation of effective strategies in SMEs. There is no reference to specific country; rather a series of data and findings related with SMEs that operate around the world will be employed in this study. Potential suggestions will be also made under the terms that the strategic restructuring of a small firm is feasible under the conditions of its market and its financial strength to respond to the demands of the relevant e ffort. As already noticed above small businesses have a limited number of employees – that could be depended on the relevant governmental regulations (in the example mentioned above, the New Zealand, the number of employees of SMEs cannot be higher than 5). In this context, entrepreneurship in SMEs has to be appropriately customized in order to meet the demands of the market but also to respond to the needs of the firm. In SMEs their owner is usually actively involved in all operational activities; he’s not just a supervisor of the employees (although this option would be also available). In accordance with the above, entrepreneurship in SMEs should focus on the design and the development of the appropriate strategies that would support the increase of the firm’s productivity towards the stabilization of the firm’s position in the market. If the above target is achieved, the

Childhood Conduct Disorder Essay -- Diseases/Disorders

Introduction: A History and Brief Overview of Conduct Disorder Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a â€Å"repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated† (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at le ast one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be â€Å"misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective† (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics. An interesting distinction between the two subcategories is that those diagnosed with early-onset Conduct Dis... ...004). Childhood Adversity, Monoamine Oxidase A Genotype, and Risk for Conduct Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 738-744. Lahey et al. (2004). Predicting Future Antisocial Personality Disorder in Males from a Clinical Assessment in Childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 389-399. Maughn et al. (2004). Prenatal Smoking and Early Childhood Conduct Problems. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 836-843. Milich, R., Widiger, T. & Landau, S. (1987). Differential Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder Using Conditional Probabilities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 726-767. Miller, G. E. & Prinz, R. J. (1990). Enhancement of Social Learning Family Interventions for Childhood Conduct Disorder. Psychological Bulletin. Passamonti et al. (2010). Neural Abnormalities in Early-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Conduct Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 729-738.

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques Assignment 2 Part 1: Financial Appraisal techniques Part 2: Forecasting Part 1-Financial Appraisal Techniques Task 1. NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) Year PROJECT X ? 000Project Y ? 000Discount FactorXY 0-200-200-200-200 1352180. 90931. 815198. 162 280100. 82666. 088. 26 390100. 75167. 597. 51 47540. 68351. 2252. 732 52030. 62112. 421. 863 229219 1)NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) X= 229-200=29 Y=219-200=19 PAYBACK PERIOD: Cumulative Cash Flow Year PROJECT X ? 000Project Y ? 000XY -200-200-200-200 135218-165-18 28010-8528 39010538 47548042 520310045 10045 TASK 2: Net Present value The present value of an investments future net cash flows minus the initial investment. If positive, the investment should be considered (unless an even better investment exists), otherwise it should not. It is a calculation based on the idea that ? 1 received in ten years time is not worth as much as ? 1 received now because the ? 1 received now could be invested for those ten y ears and compound into a higher value. The NPV calculation establishes what the value of future earnings is in todays money. To do the calculation you apply a discount % rate to the future earnings. NPV is said to be short for net present value, it is the present value of net cash flows. It is commonly used for appraisals on projects. The advantage of using NPV is that it tells you if a project will add or deduct value from the business and hence decisions are taken of whether to accept it or reject it. Advantages: It will also give accurate position for commonly special projects. -It gives an absolute value. -NPV allow for the time value for the cash flows considers both magnitude and timing of cash flows †¢Consistent with shareholder wealth maximization: Added net present values generated by investments are represented in higher stock prices. †¢Indicates whether a proposed project will yield the investor’s required rate of return Disadvantages: †¢It is very difficult to identify the correct discoun t rate. Many people find it difficult to work with a dollar return rather than a percentage return because it is hard to directly compare projects unlike say a percentage return as calculated using IRR †¢It needs to be interpreted carefully because the overall NPV reflects the scale of the project as well as the rate of return. IRR Like the NPV method used for capital budgeting, the IRR method also uses cash flows and recognizes the time value of money. NPV and IRR may give conflicting decisions where projects differ in their scale of investment. Advantages IRR allows you to compare projects easily because it is a percentage †¢Also it can direct attention to situations where it might be better to do multiple versions of the same project with a high IRR †¢In calculating IRR it can give an indication of how sensitive the Net Present Value is to changes in discount rate †¢Considers both the magnitude and the timing of cash flows Disadvantage †¢Multiple internal rates of return with unconventional cash flows †¢Any change in sign (+,-) in period cash flows produces as many IRR’s as there are changes in the cash flow directions of the investment, lending or borrowing. Assumes cash flow is reinvested at the IRR rate and this may not be a realistic assumption NPV and IRR compared NPV assumes that project cash flows are reinvested at the company's required rate of return; the IRR assumes that they are reinvested at the IRR. Since IRR is higher than the required rate of return, in order for the IRR to be accurate, the company would have to keep finding projects that would reinvest the cash flow at this higher rate. It would be difficult for a company to keep this up forever, thus NPV is more accurate. NPV method assumes that CFs are reinvested at the cost of capital K IRR method assumes that CFs are reinvested at IRR Can lead to conflicts in ranking of mutually exclusive projects Crossover NPV is superior to IRR when choosing among mutually exclusive investments Payback †¢Ignores the time value of money. This weakness is eliminated with the discounted payback method. Advantages †¢It is very simple †¢Helps prevent cash flow problems †¢Useful where technology changes rapidly or there are other sources of risk as it asks the question how quickly do we get the money back? Measure of risk and liquidity †¢Useful for evaluating small projects Disadvantages †¢Ignores the time value of money †¢Ignores cash flows after the payback period †¢Objective not consistent with shareholder wealth maximization rather it focuses on risk minimization ARR Advantages †¢It clearly shows profitability of a project †¢It allows easy comparison between project s †¢The opportunity cost of investment can be taken into account †¢It can be easily compared to the target return on long term capital employed which is calculated in the same way Disadvantages †¢More complex than pay back It does not take into account the effects of inflation on the value of money over a time period. ARR Advantages †¢It clearly shows profitability of a project †¢It allows easy comparison between projects †¢The opportunity cost of investment can be taken into account Disadvantages †¢More complex than pay back †¢It does not take into account the effects of inflation on the value of money over a time period. TASK 3 PUBLIC SECTOR PROJECTS: Cash In Flows TOIN8% Inflation AdjustmentInflation Adjustment Value T1250001. 0827000 T2250001. 1729250 T3250001. 2631500 T340001. 265040 Cash Out Flow OUT10% Inflation AdjustmentInflation Adjustment Value T01000010000 T11000018000 T1180001. 1020900 T2190001. 2122990 Net Inflation adjusted cash flows NPV INOUTNet Cash FlowNet Present Discount FactorDiscounted Cash Flow T0-1000010000110000 T12700010000170000. 8514450 T1-18000180000. 8515300 T2292502090083500. 726012 T3315002299085100. 615191. 1 T35040-50400. 613074. 4 PART 2-FORECASTING DIXON COMPANY Solution: NOVEMBERDECEMBERJANUARYFEBRUARYMARCHAPRILMAYJUNE Sales/Budgeted Sales Units (Given)10001200140016001800200022002600 Sales budgeted/ sales ? working note 1)50,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Budgeted Production (Given)12001400160020002400260024002200 Cost Budgeted Manufacturing Cost ? Material (working note 2)31,20036,40041,60052,00062,40067,60062,40057,200 Labour(working note 3)9,60011,20012,80016,00019,20020,80019,20017,600 Variable overheads (working note 4)2,4002,8003,2004,0004,8005,2004,8004,400 Fixed Overheads (Given)5,5005,5005,5005,5005,500 5,5005,5005,500 Total Production Cost (working note 5)48,70055,90063,10077,50091,90099,10091,90084,700 working note 1 Sales budgeted/ sales ? = Sales/Budgeted Sales Units x 50 working note 2 Material = Budgeted Production x 26 working note 3 Labour = Budgeted Production x 8 working note 4 Variable overheads = Budgeted Production x 2 working note 5 Total Production Cost = Material + Labour + Variable Overheads+ Fixed Overheads Work Out Cash Flow Forecast NovemeberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune Opening Balance35,500 Sales70,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Less: Material-41,600-52,000-62,400-67,600-62,400-57,200 Labour-12,800-16,000-19,200-20,800-19,200-17,600 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Fixed Overheads-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500 Machinery120034000 Closing Balance Task 2 Solution: NOVEMBERDECEMBERJANUARYFEBRUARYMARCHAPRILMAYJUNE Sales/Budgeted Sales Units (Given)10001200140016001800200022002600 Sales budgeted/ sales ? (working note 1)75,00090,000105,000120,000135,000150,000165,000195,000 Budgeted Production (Given)12001400160020002400260024002200 Cost Budgeted Manufacturing Cost ? Material (working note 2)31,20036,40041,60052,00062,40067,60062,40057,200 Labour(working note 3)9,60011,20012,80016,00019,20020,80019,20017,600 Variable overheads (working note 4)2,4002,8003,2004,0004,8005,2004,8004,400 Fixed Overheads (Given)5,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,500 Total Production Cost (working note 5)48,70055,90063,10077,50091,90099,10091,90084,700 working note 1 Sales budgeted/ sales ? = Sales/Budgeted Sales Units x 75 working note 2 Material = Budgeted Production x 26 working note 3 Labour = Budgeted Production x 8 working note 4 Variable overheads = Budgeted Production x 2 working note 5 Total Production Cost = Material + Labour + Variable Overheads+ Fixed Overheads Work Out Cash Flow Forecast NovemeberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune Opening Balance35,500 Sales70,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Less: Material-41,600-52,000-62,400-67,600-62,400-57,200 Labour-12,800-16,000-19,200-20,800-19,200-17,600 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Fixed Overheads-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500 Machinery120034000 Closing Balance

Nike, Inc. Strategic Case Study Essay example - 6087 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Strategic analysis 6 2.1 External analysis 6 2.1.1 PESTEL analysis 6 2.1.2 Porter’s Five 5 Forces and Government model analysis 8 2.1.3 Turbulence Model 9 2.2 Internal Analysis 9 3. Strategic directions and strategic objectives 10 3.1 Mission 10 3.2 Strategic objective 11 3.2.1 The financial objective of Nike 11 3.2.2 The non-financial objective of Nike 11 4. Key broad business-level and international strategies 12 4.1 Ansoff’s product and market business level strategies 12 4.2 Miles and Snow’s adaptive strategies 13 4.3 Porter’s competitive business level strategies 14 4.4 International strategies 15 5. Strategic implementation: General†¦show more content†¦Therefore it is essential for the company to gain the support from local government to ensure its manufacture, import, and export. Many developing countries, for example, China, Thailand, and Vietnam, welcome the investment from foreign companies sinc e it will promote local economy and create new jobs (Nike, 2011). Other countries, in the current time of recession, are generally welcome foreign investments. However, protectionism shall still be alarmed in the future. Economic Ever since the global financial crisis in 2008, the world economy is in turbulence. Many developed countries, including the US, the European countries, Southeast Asian countries and Japan, are still suffering from its influences. Besides the shadow of recession, the exchange rate of US dollar has been going down for years. On the other hand, the currencies of some developing countries, notably Chinese RMB, are raising rapidly in exchange rates. Since Nike mainly manufactures its products in the developing countries, and a large part of its manufacture (33% of its factories and 32% of its workers) are conducted in China (Nike, 2012), it is facing the pressure of increasing manufacturing costs. Social Populations are growing older in many countries in the world, which brings the issue of aging population. It is expected that by 2050, there will be 1.5 billion people aged over 65 and near 80% of these aged people will live in developingShow MoreRelatedNike : Sustainability And Labour Practises1217 Words   |  5 Pagessurroundings more sustainable in nature. So now in this report which is based on the case study of â€Å"Nike: sustainability and labour practises†. This case illustrates that Nike was found guilty regarding the labour practises the company was following which the reason for the external criticism Nike had to face around the world during 1990 and 2000. 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